Impacto de la polÃtica de calidad de la educación superior: un estudio de caso
Sáenz MartÃnez, Laura Patricia;
Luengas Aguirre, MarÃa Isabel de Fátima
Veredas
No. Especial; Primer semestre 2008
Págs. 295-310
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se analizan las estrategias plasmadas en el Programa Nacional de Educación para la Educación Superior en México, en particular las enfocadas a mejorar la calidad educativa y sus efectos en la educación odontológica. Primero se describe la situación de la educación superior, asà como
la de la odontologÃa; se identifican las polÃticas educativas para la calidad en relación a: la capacitación docente, el programa de estÃmulos y becas, los cuerpos académicos y la evaluación y la acreditación. La capacitación docente carece de
planeación por tanto su impacto es limitado en la calidad educativa; el sistema de estÃmulos y becas sólo beneficia a un porcentaje limitado de profesores y los criterios de evaluación del trabajo se enfocan principalmente a la productividad
y tampoco se logra incrementar la calidad. Los cuerpos académicos son una estructura diferente a la institución educativa encaminada a la productividad y al apoyo interinstitucional cuyo efecto en la calidad educativa es cuestionable. La evaluación y la acreditación solamente van a beneficiar a aquellas instituciones de educación superior (IES) que hayan mostrado resultados, y son las que obtendrán financiamientos adicionales creando este mecanismo de desigualdades en las IES. Las polÃticas para mejorar la calidad están impulsando cambios en la IES pero dadas las condiciones de la odontologÃa estos mecanismos la ponen en desventaja frente a otras carreras ya que la capacitación docente está enfocada a la técnica y son muy limitados los trabajos de investigación y la productividad cientÃfica.
PALABRAS CLAVE: evaluación, calidad, polÃticas educativas, acreditación.
Abstract
In this work, strategies to improve the Educational Quality of the Educational National Program for High Education and itÂ’s impact in Dentistry were analyzed (strategic objective). Some characteristics of the general Mexican Educational System were reviewed, in order to establish the ones that belong to Dentistry. Actions derived from Quality Policy, were identified as well, such as teaching staff capacitating, improvements in salaries, teaching staffs consolidation, getting extraordinary resources, evaluation and accreditation. Capacitating has been present without any institutional programming; it causes a limited impact in Educational Quality related with improvements in salaries, since they only benefit to a minimal percentage of teachers: those who have a full time job and a definitive
contract. The main problem of Academic staffs, is that exigencies teachers are submitted, have nothing to do with teaching tasks. Conditioning to obtain an extra financial support besides having the accreditation, disadvantages those
institutions that donÂ’t accomplish the established requirements, creating important inequalities between Dentistry IES (High Educational Institutions). Evaluation criteria of academicals programs disadvantages this discipline, because
service actions to the population, are not included in those programs. Most politics to improve quality in education, have a limited impact in it. In this work, some educational politics of the present government were analyzed; those politics
are defined in the Educational National Program for the High Education and itÂ’s impact in the dentistry career. Some characteristics of the Mexican educational system were in general reviewed in order to establish the ones of the dentistry
discipline. Actions derived from quality politics were identified such as: evaluation and teaching staff capacitating; improvements of salaries throw the stimulus and fellowship system; and the consolidation of the teaching staff. It
was analyzed the way these actions will modify the teaching process in dentistry in Mexico.
KEY WORDS: evaluation, quality, policy teaching, accreditation.
Texto completo (120 Kb)
